F.M.Chu David P.Pope Dept.of Materials Science and Engineering
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University of Pennsylvania
,
Philadelphia
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PA 19104
,
USA
材料科学技术（英）
In this paper the geometric description and general theory of mechanical twinning are reviewed, the twins in general lattices and superlattices are summarized, and the kinetic process by which mechanical twins form is revisited. A case study of mechanical twinning of HfV2+Nb, (cubic) Laves phase, is presented and the synchroshear of selected atomic layers is proposed to explain the physical process of twin formation. If the twins form in this way, then long shear vectors and / or atomicshuffles are not really necessary.
关键词:
twin
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null
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null
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null
Andrej Atrens
材料科学技术（英）
Corrosion research by Atrens and co-workers has made significant contributions to the understanding of the service performance of engineering materials. This includes: (1) elucidated corrosion mechanisms of Mg alloys, stainless steels and Cu alloys, (2) developed an improved understanding of passivity in stainless steels and binary alloys such as Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Fe-Ti, and Fe-Si, (3) developed an improved understanding of the melt spinning of Cu alloys, and (4) elucidated mechanisms of environment assisted fracture (EAF) of steels and Zr alloys. This paper summarises contributions in the following: (1) intergranular stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels, (2) atmospheric corrosion and patination of Cu, (3) corrosion of Mg alloys, and (4) transgranular stress corrosion cracking of rock bolts.
关键词:
Stress corrosion cracking
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null
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null
LIU Guoquan Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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University of Science and Technology Beijing
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100083
,
China.
材料科学技术（英）
Quantitative analysis of populations having a geometric structure,which has developed into a special scientific subject called microstructology or stereology,is of great importance to the characterization and evaluation of microstructures and their evolution in various processes.This paper, besides a brief discussion on those topics such as the recent developments of computer assisted image analysis,mathematical morphology,and fractal analysis,will mainly focus on the scope,fundamen- tals,present status,and perspectives of classical stereology.Several case examples of its application to materials science will also be given.
关键词:
stereology
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null
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null
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null
Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic Materials Sensors and Systems
Bamboo, one of the strongest natural structural composite materials, has many distinguishing features. It has been found that its reinforcement unit, hollow, multilayered and spirally-wound bast fiber, plays an extremely important role in its mechanical behavior. In the present work, on the basis of the study on bamboo bast fiber and wood tracheid, a biomimetic model of the reinforcing element, composed of two layers of helically wound fiber, was suggested. To detect the structural characteristics of such a microstructure, four types of macro fiber specimens made of engineering composites were employed: axially aligned solid and hollow cylinders, and single- and double-helical hollow cylinders. These specimens were subjected to several possible loadings, and the experimental results reveal that only the double-helical structural unit possesses the optimum comprehensive mechanical properties. An interlaminar transition zone model imitating bamboo bast fiber was proposed and was verified by engineering composite materials. In our work, the transition zone can increase the interlaminar shear strength of the composite materials by about 15%. These biomimetic structural models can be applied in the design and manufacture of engineering composite materials.
关键词:
bamboo;bast fiber;biomimetics;engineering composites
Science
Strengthening materials traditionally involves the controlled creation of internal defects and boundaries so as to obstruct dislocation motion. Such strategies invariably compromise ductility, the ability of the material to deform, stretch, or change shape permanently without breaking. Here, we outline an approach to optimize strength and ductility by identifying three essential structural characteristics for boundaries: coherency with surrounding matrix, thermal and mechanical stability, and smallest feature size finer than 100 nanometers. We assess current understanding of strengthening and propose a methodology for engineering coherent, nanoscale internal boundaries, specifically those involving nanoscale twin boundaries. Additionally, we discuss perspectives on strengthening and preserving ductility, along with potential applications for improving failure tolerance, electrical conductivity, and resistance to electromigration.
关键词:
strain-rate sensitivity;stacking-fault energy;nano-scale twins;cu-al;alloys;nanocrystalline metals;mechanical-properties;activation;volume;copper;deformation;behavior
Douxing LI and Hengqiang YE (Laboratory of Atomic imaging of Solids
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Institute of Metal Research
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Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Shenyang
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110015
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China)
材料科学技术（英）
The present paper summarizes the current status of high resolution electron microscopy (HREM)and the applications of HREM to materials science and condensed matter physics. This review recounts the latest development of high resolution electron microscope, progress of HREM and the applications of HREM, including the crystal structure determination of microcrystalline materials and characterization of the local structure of the defects and nanostructured materials as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis of the grain boundaries, interfaces and interfacial reactions in the advanced materials by means of HREM in combination with electron diffraction,subnanometer level analysis, image simulation and image processing.
关键词:
N.V.Ch
,
ra Shekar
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P.Ch.Sahu
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K.Govinda Rajan
材料科学技术（英）
Laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LHDAC) is emerging as the most suitable, economical and versatile tool for the measurement of a large spectrum of physical properties of materials under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. In this review, the recent developments in the instrumentation, pressure and temperature measurement techniques, results of experimental investigations from the literature were discussed. Also, the future scope of the technique in various avenues of science was explored.
关键词:
Laser heating
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null
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null
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null
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions a-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science
The half-width values of the X-ray diffraction profiles are frequently used to characterize the static strength of a strengthened surface, or the depth distribution of this mechanical parameter, in a strengthened surface layer, especially in a shot-peening affected layer. However, for the unpeened surface and the base material of the shot-peened specimen of an alloy steel treated in hard state, the experimental results shown in this article indicate that uniaxial tensile or compressive plastic deformation increases the yield strengths while it decreases the half-width values. The half-width values of the shot-peened surface and surface layer greatly decrease, whereas the yield strength of this surface remarkably increases. Accordingly, in the authors' opinion, the half-width values could not correctly describe the static strengths of hard metallic materials, and, contrary to the viewpoint put forward by a lot of researchers, the shot-peened surfaces of such materials are work hardened instead of work softened. A model demonstrating that plastic deformation reduces the half-width values by decreasing the second kind internal stresses is developed.
关键词:
YANG Ying
,
YAN Qing-zhi
,
MA Rong
,
GE Chang-chun
钢铁研究学报(英文版)
Ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels have been recommended as one of the candidate materials for supercritical water cooled reactor (SCWR) in-core components use for its high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient and inherently good dimensional stability under irradiation condition in comparison to austenitic steel. CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel which has good mechanical properties was one of the 9-12Cr F/M steels designed for SCWR in the previous work. In this study a modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel was used and it′s ultimate tensile strength was 925 MPa at room temperature and 483 MPa at 600 ℃ after optimizing heat treatment parameter. The ductile to brittle transition temperature of modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel is -55 ℃. Those are at the same level or even higher than that of CNS-Ⅱ and some commercial F/M steels nominated for SCWR in-core component use. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that the mechanical properties of the tempered martensite was closely related to the decomposition stage of the martensite.
关键词:
supercritical water reactor
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ferritic/martensitic steel
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cladding material
